Bren Kelly
4 min readNov 9, 2022

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S. 2231, the Senate bill introduced April 24, 1939, laid out in excruciating legal detail just how the United States would engage in buying 400,000 square miles of territory from France and Britain, which were to be annexed to Greater Liberia for such settlement. The President (of the US) would make “quitclaim deed of a corporation” known as Greater Liberia Corporation. The Corporation shall be run by a Resident Deputy Administrator, and a set of Commissioners, as shown in Section 409, where sub paragraph (a) through (f) shows the various Commissions, such as the Commission for Education, where section (g) to (i) detail such subordinate roles.
Not to worry though, the Senate Bill so introduced that year takes care of many provisions, including transportation, setting up or roads, and even even how the subsidiary land corporation will will set land and farms and city dwelling to the “migrants” (negroes) “at cost. The 20 page act lays out how much money should be provided for setting up such colony, with Title V (5), section 501 (d) “The Greater Liberia Corporation shall have the exclusive right to operate all the public utilities.” There is also provision for a 30 year mortgage to all such “migrants”.
What looks like good news though in this U.S. Senate Relocation Bill (“the Greater Liberia Act”) may not be. As Section 407 (a) notes,, “After the establishment of the Bureau of Colonization,” only able bodies people between the ages of 21 to 50 would be able to first apply. Although section (c) spells out that “[black] Escaped convicts or fugitives from justice” are not eligible to apply, which seems like good news as it alleviates the danger such criminals to these U.S. migrants (“negroes”) (apparently the convicts are of use back in the U.S. because of the loophole in the 13th amendment), it looks to me as though because of the mention of the extensive mining operation to be set up, those able bodied negroes would be used for labor at the mines. Since the Corporation is operating the utilities, I’m guessing that they intended to use the mining operation for shipment back to the U.S. as a market for the raw material. That makes sense since the British were using native blacks in Nigeria at the time to mine coal for shipping back to England, probably because it made the coal much cheaper as the cost of labor was lower for the white miners (the British Colonists and Administrators). It appears this U.S. Senate Bill was copying the model of the European colonists in Africa to extract material resources.
Well, good news, World War Two started that year and it looks like the bill was put on hold. Despite Hitler being an admirer of Southern white supremacy, even having Joseph Goebbels get an advance copy of Gone With the Wind, a film the Fuhrer admired for its separation of race; and whose journals reprinted Klan speeches of the Grand Wizards (in Germany) in the 1920s in run up to his parties election; and Hitler’s admiration of Lynching by the American South as “an antidote” to race mixing (or mongrelization), the South did not side with Germany and even agitated for war against it.
So the “Go Back to Africa” slogan started of in 1816 as a way to “solve the race issue”, and Lincoln expanded on this idea in his speech to freed black in 1862, but the Senate Bill goes far beyond in detailing even the solution of World War One and black resettlement. The 1939 Senate Bill is the most detailed version. Humans love to believe that people get better over time and progress occurs. But when law is looked at like a piece of technology that advances over time, getting more powerful and complex— like a ship, or the printing press, or gun—its’ refinement in this case gets more detailed, more advanced. We “liberal” Americans naively believe democracy advances; and so do white supremacist Americans, starting with the ACS in 1816, which evolved under their racist intent over time, until it was mentioned in the Senate bill of 1939 as playing a key role. The Charleston New and Courier said in sympathy with Hitler before the war broke out, that “We Southerners are as hostile to democracy as Hitler is, because we are unwilling for the negro masses to vote and play a part in governing us.”
The media’s narrative doesn’t extend back as far as this author’s, because it can’t, otherwise the liberal whites would realize the one-party run South that ended “officially” in 1965 with he voting rights act, is up for re-election today, having spread its disease across the US. But I’ve learned to take the supremacists at their word. When Congressman Eastland (later U.S. Senator) said around the time S. 2231 was introduced, “We will control the mechanisms of white supremacy throughout eternity” in Congress, I think he meant it. That doesn’t sound metaphoric to me. It sounds like a Confederate battle cry, like the one they are using at the polls, surrounding it some with guns, putting DeSantis on its back to carry into the White House. When Ms. Hailey says she wants to send Warnock back, take her at her word. Her followers do. But ask her if she is seeking to table S. 2231 for vote. And don’t be surprised if the answer is Yes. For her kind, that’s progress “her” state is used to.

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Bren Kelly
Bren Kelly

Written by Bren Kelly

Engaged in Inequalities, dismantling Western Consciousness, confronting American narratives, seeking inherent injustices to address.

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